Pulmonary exacerbations are a common occurrence in individuals with chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These exacerbations are characterized by a sudden worsening of respiratory symptoms, such as increased coughing, shortness of breath, and chest congestion. They are often triggered by infections, environmental factors, or other exacerbating factors. Research in the area of pulmonary exacerbations aims to understand the underlying causes of these exacerbations, develop effective prevention strategies, and improve treatment outcomes for individuals experiencing pulmonary exacerbations. This research may involve investigating the role of bacterial or viral infections in exacerbations, identifying risk factors for exacerbations, and developing new therapies to better manage and prevent exacerbations in patients with chronic lung diseases.